I m ovement in valve-gears for hydraulic elevators



U 4rrnnfSrlrrns IOM omit may concern: yknown that I, OYRUS W. BALDWIN, yn, county of Kings, State of New nprovement in Valve-Gear for Hydrauh l levators; and I do hereby declare the fo Wing to be a full, clear, concise, and exact cription thereof, reference. being had to the companyingv drawing, making va part ecitlcation, in which-like letters ina like parts- 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of of my improved apparatus as is neci illustrate its construction and operd Figs. 2, 3, and 4 (the latter being .an enlarged scale) are like views of and illustrative of different positions lves for different operative purposes. provcment, while capableof other plications, is especially designed for at class of elevators in which a car is by a iiexible suspensory rope, strap, directly or indirectly, with a ram, or piston-stem, the 'piston or head of ter is operated with greater or less ariations of huid-pressure on its opdrawing hereto annexed the cylinder nted at A, the ram, plunger, or pisat B, and the head or piston at B. rts are of any suitable construction, roportions. Water enters and leaves the cy ler on opposite sides of the piston by ports a Pipes P Pl P2 lead from these ports r nd open into a valve case or box, D, the p1 I' opening at its other end into the pipe P shown. This valvecase has a chamber, b, eferably of tubular form, as shown, and al by preference, having a lining, b', the be to secure the close working of the d also for convenience in providing as shown at a a, tocover the lateral supply d discharge ports, and thereby exclude s l solid matter as would be likely to work 1 ry, and also to admit the water in small ams, so as to shut it oft' gradually nt shock to the machinery. Talve-chamber, on a common stem, c, a series of valves, s, s1, s2, s3, and s,

ve invented or discovered a new and- -gear detached from the operating-` PATENT OFFICE.

OYRUS W. BALDWIN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

OVEMEN'II IN VALVE-GEARSFOR HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS.

ciiication forming part 0f Letters Patent No. 202,215, dated April 9, 1878; application iiled January 30, 1878. i

with reference to the pipe-ports P P1 P2, the

main supply-port d, and the main discharge d', the latter being, either throughthe end of the valve-chamber or through a pipe, connected with lthe annular chamber c, which surrounds v the'contiguous strainenports a. Like annular chambers c1, c2, c3, and c4 are also made around the other strainer-ports a, and such chambers have open communication with the pipes or pipe-ports P, P1,-P2, and d, respectively.

The valve-stem c projects at one end through a cap on the end of the valve-chamber, and terminates in a toothed rack, c', to which, by means of a pinion, n, and back-support or friction-guide n', the power to shift the valves is applied; and for this purpose an operatingcord may lead from the car and pass around a wheel on the pinionshaft in any of the ways known to the art, so as to enable the attendant in the car to shift the valves as he may desire with reference to starting in either'direction, stopping, or moving with a light or heavy load.

.The operation vof this apparatus will now be readily understood on reference to the various figures. With the valves set or adjusted as in Fig. l, water-pressure, acting from any suitable head or supply through pipe m, enters the valve-chamber through the port d, between the v alvesl s1 and c2, passes out through the pipe-port and by the pipe P2, (such port being between the same valves,) through cylinder-port A2, into the cylinder A on the side of the piston B opposite to that at which the plunger or stem is connected, so as to secure a maximum of l effect.

Thus the full water or other fluid pressure is exerted on the full area of the piston. The

water-pressure` which acts back through ther pipe Pl produces no effect, and is a source of no loss, since the port of this pipe communicates with the space between the valves s and sl, whereby these valves, like s1 and s2, are in perfect balance by water-pressure. At the same time water previously admitted on the opposite side of the piston B will be free to escape by the port A1 through P and d', the

position of the valve s permitting such free escape. In this way the elevator works with its maximum force in raising a car with a heavy load.

To stop thc car in either its ascent or descent, the attendant in the car, by shifting his operating-cord, shifts the valves to the position shown in Fig. 2. The valve s2 cuts off communication from d to P2, so as to cut off the supply, and the valve s closes the discharge. Also, communication from one side of the piston to the other is prevented by the valve sl, which comes between the ports P and P1. The valves are all balanced as before. The car must necessarily stop.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the proper adjustment of the valves (effected in the same way) when it is only desired to raise the empty car, or with a light load. In this adjustment the valve s still closes the discharge; but it also partly covers the port P. The valve sl also uncovers in part the port P1, and the valve s2 partly uncovers the main supply-port d. As a result of this adjustment the main supply is partly cut oii, or, as it may be termed, is choked7 and the waste-water from below the piston passes, by port P and the space between the valves s and s1, into port and pipe P1, thence into pipe P2, and, with the limited supply under pressure received from d and through port P2, enters the cylinder by port A2. Hence the piston B is balanced or in equilibrio to the extent of its area on opposite sides, and the effective force of the waterpressure admitted through the ports d and P2 is limited to an area of the exposed face of the piston represented by or equal to the area in cross-section of the plunger Bl. The effective force being limited and the main supply partly cut ofi', this adjustment is the preferable one for raising a light load.

When it is desired to lower the car, it is only necessary to shift the valves, in the :manner before indicated, to the position indicated in Fig. 4. The valve s3 then cuts off the main supply entirely; also, the valve sl occupies an intermediate position on the port P, and the valve s chokes the discharge or waste. A The car is intended to descend by its own weight; but, to permit it to do so, water must pass out at A2 and in at A1. This is provided for by the pipe P1, since it permits a regular iiow of water from A2 through pipe P2 P1, and communicating-ports into P and A1; but, as more water must pass out at A2 than can enter at A1, a portion is permitted to escape from P around the valve s. By varying slightly the position of the valves the iiow from P1 to P, and from P to the waste, may be more or less cut off or choked, whereby the rapidity of the descent ,of the car may be regulated. In this adjustment, as in the previous ones', the valves are balanced as against water-pressure.

The pipe P1, with its end connecting-ports, is, in effect, a by-path or conduit, going past the pipe-port P2, so as to bring the conduit or pipe P2 into communication with P when it is desired that water should pass from one side of the piston to the other, either while the main supply is wholly or only partially cut o If the performance of all the functions described is not desired, some of the valves may be omitted.

The valve s4 is important for balancing purposes, and as a substitute for a stuffing-box, and may be omitted if a stuffing-box or stempacking is used, and balancing at that point is not deemed necessary. The spacing and number of the valves will be regulated, in part at least, by the spacing and number of ports to be covered and uncovered thereby.

' I claim herein as my invention- 1. In a hydraulic-elevator apparatus, the combination of a hollow cylinder, having outlet and inlet ports at or near its ends, a piston working therein between such ports, an operating stem, plunger, or ram connected to the piston, a valve-case containing main supply and discharge ports, two ports connected with one cylinder-port, athird port connected with the other cylinder-port, and an arrangement of piston valves, substantially as set forth, for covering and uncovering such ports with reference to raising, lowering, and stopping the car.

2. The by-'pipe and port P1, connecting at one end with the main conduit P2, and at its other end with the valve-chamber in relationship to the port P, substantially as described,

whereby, in connection with a piston valve or valves, communication may be established between the opposite ends of the cylinder for the flow of water from one side of the piston to the other.

3. A series of piston-valves arranged on a piston-stem, valve-case, and connecting pipes and ports, a valve device arranged by a single throw or motion to close the supply and bring the discharge into communication with both of the end cylinder-ports, whereby aportion of the water in one end of the cylinder will be free to pass into the other end and jthe residue to escape, substantially as set orth.

5. In combination with a cylinder piston and stem, a valve-case having at least two ports and pipe-connections thence to the cylinder-ports, and a valve device, substantially as described, arranged to close the discharge entirely, or to bring it into communication with the supply, in either case operating bya single motion or stroke. 4

6. Valves s s1 s2, arranged,' substantially as ,with reference to the supply and In testimony whereof I have hereunto set ports, and a system of ports and my hand.

ding to the opposite ends of a hyylinder, and from one end of such *(JYRUS W BALDWIN' Witnesses:

0 the other, whereby all ports may simultaneously by a single throw or MARCUS NEWBURG,

thevalves, substantially as described. JOHN W. GOFF. 

